Hrvatski Fokus
Znanost

Fitati i karcinom debeloga crijeva

Rizik od razvoja karcinoma debelog crijeva može se smanjiti povećanjem unosa graha koji je izvrstan izvor fitata

 
 
„Što su fitati? I mogu li oni pomoći u prevenciji karcinoma debelog crijeva?“, naslov je stručnog teksta dr. Gregera. Posljednjih godina sve više i češće se govori i piše o zdravoj prehrani kao jednom od ključnih čimbenika za dobro ljudsko zdravlje. Kancerogena oboljenja postaju sve češća i od njih svake godine obolijeva sve više ljudi, uključujući i djecu.
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Posljednjih godina stručnjaci sve više istražuju učinak hrane na naše zdravlje, pa se često govori i o velikom broju prirodnih tvari biljnoga podrijetla koje imaju pozitivan učinak na ljudsko zdravlje. Te tvari poznate su pod nazivom fitati (fitinska kiselina) koje se ubrajaju u antioksidativne tvari a nalazimo ih u cjelovitim žitaricama, leguminozama, orasima i lješnjacima te sjemenkama. Fitati imaju pozitivan učinak na zdravlje čovjeka, a jedan od njih je i protuupalni učinak. Laboratorijska istraživanja pokazala su da fitati imaju sposobnost normaliziranja staničnog rasta te na taj način zaustavljaju proliferaciju kancerogenih stanica. Fitati također mogu imati pozitivnu ulogu u prevenciji kardiovaskularnih bolesti, dijabetesa te sniženju ukupnog glikemijskog indeksa iz hrane.
 
Kao što sam pisala u siječnju, Ujedinjeni narodi progasili su 2016. Međunarodnom godinom suhozrnenih mahunarki. Naime, različite vrste suhozrnenih mahunarki, poput graha, slanutka, leće, pa i sušeni grašak, obiluju svim vrstama važnih nutrijenata, ali pravi razlog njihovog pozitivnog učinka na zdravlje i zaštitu od pojedinih degenerativnih bolesti vjerojatno se može zahvaliti tzv. ne-nutritivnim tvarima koje se ponekad nazivaju i „antinutrijenti“ a to su – fitati. Fitati nažalost, imaju i određenu negativnu reputaciju jer vežu određene minerale poput željeza, cinka i mangana, a u manjoj mjeri i kalcij, te usporavaju njihovu apsorpciju. No, znanstvene studije pokazale su da fitati imaju određena protuupalna svojstva čime doprinose dobrom zdravlju.
 
Karcinom kolona / debelog crijeva u SAD-u je drugi vodeći uzrok smrtnosti, dok u drugim područjima svijeta broj oboljelih je zanemarivo malen. Najmanji broj oboljelih od karcinoma debelog crijeva prema svim pokazateljima ima Uganda. Čuveni kirurg Denis Burkitt proveo je 24 godine u Ugandi i u većini bolnica koje je kontaktirao nikada nije zabilježen ni jedan slučaj karcinoma debelog crijeva i/ili rektuma.
 
Jedna znanstvena studija pokazala je da Danci češće obolijevaju od karcinoma debelog crijeva nego Finci; Danci, za razliku od Finaca, konzumiraju gotovo dvostruko više hrane koja obiluje vlaknima.  Stoga su stručnjaci zaključili da nije pitanje samo u hrani bogatoj biljnim vlaknima. Pa što to utječe na nisku stopu oboljenja od karcinoma debelog crijeva kod populacije čija prehrana se pretežito sastoji od hrane biljnog podrijetla? Stručnjaci su zaključili da to nije učinak samo biljnih vlakana već vjerojatno fitata. Fitata u rafiniranoj, odnosno 'pročišćenoj' hrani proizvedenoj u prehrambenoj industriji nema (!) pa tada izostaje pozitivan učinak fitata na zdravlje čovjeka, a to je u prvom redu uklanjanje štetnih radikala (osobito onih sa željezom) iz organizma.
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
Denis Burkitt
 
Jedna znanstvena studija otkrila je sljedeće: pronađen je visok rizik za razvoj karcinoma kod svih koji u većim količinama konzumiraju crveno i bijelo meso, što upućuje da sve svrste mesa (!) doprinose razvoju karcinoma kolona/debelog crijeva – ovaj rizik dvostruko je veći kod onih koji jedu mnogo crvenog mesa, a čak je trostruko veći kod onih koji jedu piletinu i ribu u većim količinama. Oni koji jedu meso mogu smanjiti rizik od razvoja karcinoma debelog crijeva na dva načina: smanjenjem unosa mesa u organizam ili povećanjem unosa graha koji je izvrstan izvor fitata. Stoga stručnjaci ističu kako nije važno koliko mesa jedemo, nego je mnogo važniji omjer mesa i povrća koje konzumiramo. Između dva ekstrema: prehrana s visokim udjelom povrća i niskim udjelom mesa nausprot visokom udjelu mesa i niskom udjelu povrća, potpuno je dovoljno za objašnjenje postojećih globalnih razlika u stopi oboljenja od karcinoma debelog crijeva i rektuma. Oni koji imaju visok udio mesa u prehrani uz istodobno nizak udio povrća, imaju čak osam puta veći rizik od razvoja karcinoma debelog crijeva i/ili rektuma.
 
Nutricionisti i drugi medicinski stručnjaci preporučuju zdravu prehranu i povećani unos leguminoza u organizam, a to se prvenstveno odnosi na grah, slanutak, leću i sušeni grašak. Prirodno, fitate nalazimo u svim biljnim sjemenkama i zrnima (poput graha, cjelovitih žitarica, oraha, lješnjaka i dr.) koji su desetljećima smatrani inhibitorima apsorpcije minerala, uključujući i kalcija. Upravo je to bio razlog zašto smo savjetovani da termički obrađujemo sjemenke i zrna prije konzumiranja – na taj smo način uklanjali „nepoželjne“ fitate. Smatralo se da fitati negativno utječu na zdravlje kosti, a sve to je proizašlo nakon provedenih laboratorijskih istraživanja na štenadi davne 1949. koja su upućivala da visoki udio fitata u prehrani uzrokuje „omekšanje“ kosti te negativno utječe na apsorpciju kalcija.
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
Znanstveni časopis „Journal of Medicinal Food“ („Časopis ljekovite hrane“) u jednom objavljenom tekstu pita slijedeće: Imaju li ljudi koji izbjegavaju konzumiranje hrane bogate fitatima, a to su u prvom redu leguminoze, orasi, lješnjaci i cjelovite žitarice, bolju mineralnu gustoću kosti? Odgovor: „Ne, nemaju.“ Provedena znanstvena studija otkrila je da ljudi koji konzumiraju više hrane bogate fitatima imaju zdravije i čvršće kosti (!) što su otkrila mjerenja u području kralježnice, kukova i pete. Na temelju provedenog istraživanja znanstvenici su zaključili da konzumiranje hrane koja obiluje fitatima ima zaštitne učinke protiv osteoporoze, dok nasuprot tome, nizak udio hrane bogate fitatima ili izbjegavanje takve hrane povećava rizik od pojave osteoporoze. Znanstvena studija koja je potom uslijedila proučavala je količinu tj. razinu fitata u organizmu žena te pratila koštanu masu tokom određenog razdoblja te otkrila slijedeće: žene s najvišom razinom fitata imale su najnižu razinu gubitka koštane mase u području kukova i kralježnice uz istovremeni bitno manji rizik od nastanka frakture/prijeloma kuka ili neke druge kosti. Ovo se slaže s izvještajem da fitati mogu inhibirati, tj. onemogućiti gubitak ('nestajanje') kosti slično kao i lijek protiv osteoporoze (npr. 'Fosamax'). Ipak, fitati su mnogo bolji izbor jer ne uzrokuju nikakve nuspojave za razliku od lijekova ove vrste. Naime, jedan od negativnih učinaka lijekova 'protiv' osteoporoze je osteonekroza (odumiranje kosti). Ljudi uzimaju lijekove u svrhu poboljšanja zdravlja i zaštite kosti, ali ova odluka znatno povećava rizik od propadanja kosti.
 
Fitati u svakodnevnoj prehrani ne bi trebali predstavljati problem tako dugo dok je prehrana uravnotežena, a moguće vezanje minerala na fitate isto tako u ovom slučaju ne predstavlja problem jer se kvalitetnom prehranom unosi dovoljna količina vrijednih nutritivnih tvari i mikronutrijenata. Naime, količina minerala vezanih na fitate je vrlo mala. Jedino vegetarijanci moraju biti vrlo oprezni jer oni u većim količinama konzumiraju pšenične posije (mekinje) što je koncentrirani izvor ovih tvari. Nedostatak minerala cinka i željeza u organizmu često nalazimo u siromašnim državama gdje se stanovništvo pretežito prehranjuje žitaricama. Isto tako treba imati na umu da termička obrada, npr. kuhanje, smanjuje udio fitinske kiseline / fitata u dotičnoj hrani. A na kraju jedna važna činjenica: fitati imaju određenu pozitivnu ulogu ne samo u prevenciji razvoja karcinoma nego i u postupku medicinskog tretmana pojedinih kancerogenih bolesti kao što su na primjer, karcinom dojke i karcinom debelog crijeva. (izvor: Dr. Michael Greger (MD): What are Phytates? And could they help prevent colon cancer?)
 

Odabrala i prevela: Rodjena Marija Kuhar, dr. vet. med.

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